A new saga is born, offering independent stories set during the siege of Paris and the communard episode and featuring women who hope for rapid emancipation. This horizon of expectation doomed to be disappointed in the short term is the framework of scenarios as varied as they are catchy treated by authors and cartoonists each time different.
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (1900-1944) was a pioneer of civil aviation. Gifted with literary talent, he has recounted his experiences in several books (Courrier Sud, Vol de nuit, Terres des hommes) in which he expresses his humanism and his ideal of greatness and solidarity between men.
The Battle of Bouvines, which took place on July 27, 1214 in the North, pitted the army of King Philippe Auguste of France against a German-Flemish coalition around Emperor Otto IV. The unexpected rout of the allies will offer a brilliant victory to the Capetian, who will extend the royal domain and consolidate his power against his European rivals.
On July 20, 1969 at 9:56 p.m. Houston time, a crew of Neil Armstrong (Mission Commander) and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin (Lunar Module Pilot) landed on the Moon after a 3-day trip, while Michael Collins remained in orbit in the command module in preparation for the return trip.
1967: On an official visit to Canada, General de Gaulle launches from the balcony of Montreal City Hall a vibrant & 34; Vive le Québec libre! & 34;. 1943: Following the landing of the allies in Sicily, Mussolini is dismissed by the great Italian fascist council and replaced by General Badoglio.
1974: Greece, Turkey and Great Britain sign a declaration of cease-fire in Cyprus. 1944: Normandy landings: American armored vehicles make a decisive breakthrough on the German front at Avranches (Manche). 1792: The volunteers Marseillais from the revolutionary army enter Paris singing the & 34; Chant de guerre pour l & 39; army du Rhin & 34 ;.
1974: Military coup in Cyprus: Greek officers expel the president, Bishop Makarios. 1796: After the execution of the main leaders, Charette and Stofflet, the Directory announces the end of the Vendée war. 1240: The Swedes are defeated at the Battle of the Neva and driven back by the Grand Prince of Novgorod Alexander Nevsky.
1906: Degraded from his duties as captain of the French army in 1894 for having divulged military secrets to Germany, Alfred Dreyfus is rehabilitated by the Court of Cassation in Rennes. 1793: French engineer Claude Chappe succeeds to send the first telegraphic message over a distance of 15 kilometers.
1969: The Apollo 11 space capsule takes off from Cape Kennedy in Florida. Objective: the moon. 1945: In the desert of New Mexico, the Americans detonate the first atomic bomb in history. 1801: Napoleon Bonaparte and Pius VII sign the Concordat, which restores Catholicism as the state religion.
1961: Tunisian troops invade the naval base of Bizerte, occupied by the French. 1900: Line number 1 of the Paris metro connecting Porte Maillot to Porte de Vincennes is put into service. 1799: On the occasion of the campaign of Bonaparte's Egypt, discovery at Rosetta of a stone written simultaneously in Greek, hieroglyphics and demotic.
1944: The Allies liberate Caen. 1789: The National Assembly born of the Estates General convened at Versailles on May 5 by Louis XVI, declares itself constituent. 1762: Catherine II is proclaimed Empress of Russia. 1686: Formation of the League of Russia. ; Augsburg versus Louis XIV. 1540: The marriage of & 39; Henry VIII of England with Anne of Cleves is canceled by the Convocations of Canterbury and York.
Born around 1140 in Île-de-France with the construction of the abbey church of Saint-Denis, Gothic art quickly radiated beyond French borders. Succeeding Romanesque art, Gothic is defined first and foremost as an unprecedented multiplication of space: visual opening of volumes which gives a primordial role to stained glass, light treatment of walls and other supports, new design of the bay by the generalized use of the pointed arch, the ribbed vault and the flying buttress: a bias towards verticality which will find its culmination with the Flamboyant Gothic, which, from the 14th century, penetrated all the European capitals through sponsorship.
The Silk Road is an ancient trade route connecting China to the shores of the Mediterranean. By the Chinese, the Silk Road then designates the routes by which goods pass from the Far East to Syria. The main product, silk, gives its name to these paths still taken in the Middle Ages.
1963: Visiting West Berlin, John F. Kennedy declares during a speech in Rudolph Wilde Square: & 34; Ich bin ein Berliner & 34; (i am a Berliner). With this famous phrase, Kennedy reiterates his support and that of the Americans for the West Germans. 1945: Fifty-one States gathered in San Francisco (California), sign the Charter of the United Nations (future UN).
1975: After the withdrawal of American troops and the capture of Saigon by the North Vietnamese army, Vietnam is reunified and the Socialist Republic proclaimed. 1948: In response to the Allies' decision to violate the Potsdam Accords by merging the American, English and French zones of occupation and by establishing the Deutschemark, Stalin decides to establish a blockade around Berlin.
The Battle of Wagram, in Austria, is the last great victory of Napoleon I, won over the Austrian armies on July 6, 1809 northeast of Vienna. This battle marked the end of the Austrian campaign and enabled Napoleon to reduce the fifth European coalition against France since 1792.
1867. The Emperor of Mexico Maximilian of Habsburg, brother of the Austrian Emperor, is shot by the patriots of Benito Juarez. Mexico regains its independence from European interference. 1944. The Imperial Japanese Navy and the US Navy clash in the Philippine Sea. The operations involve several hundred ships and will end in a crushing defeat of the Japanese, who lose 3 Aircraft Carriers in two days.
1943: The Gestapo arrests Jean Moulin. He will be identified by Klaus Barbie, the head of the Gestapo in Lyon, as the president of the National Council of Resistance. 1919: Refusing to deliver its ships to the victors, the German navy, regrouped in the port of Scapa Flow in Scotland, decides to to scuttle.
The Hundred Days constitute the last episode of the First Empire, from the entry of Napoleon I into Paris (March 20, 1815) to his second abdication (June 22, 1815). Napoleon was certainly bored in the Lilliputian kingdom which had been granted to him by the Treaty of Fontainebleau, during his first abdication.
1961: Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin is the first man to perform a space flight. 1861: Civil War: start of hostilities between the Confederates and the Federal Army at Fort Sumter. 1606: King James I, son of Marie Stuart, establishes & 34; The Union Jack & 34; as the official flag of the Kingdom of Scotland and England.
